{"id":15045,"date":"2026-10-23T02:06:03","date_gmt":"2026-10-23T02:06:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/custom-rfid-tags.com\/?p=15045"},"modified":"2026-10-23T02:09:50","modified_gmt":"2026-10-23T02:09:50","slug":"rfid-cloning-explained-can-you-copy-an-rfid-tag","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/custom-rfid-tags.com\/cs\/rfid-cloning-explained-can-you-copy-an-rfid-tag\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak funguje klonov\u00e1n\u00ed RFID: Lze zkop\u00edrovat RFID \u0161t\u00edtek?"},"content":{"rendered":"

RFID \u0161t\u00edtky<\/a> se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v mnoha b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech, od p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch karet a kl\u00ed\u010denky<\/a> na skladov\u00e9 \u0161t\u00edtky, \u0161t\u00edtky na pr\u00e1dlo<\/a>, \u0161t\u00edtky na od\u011bvy, u\u0161n\u00ed zn\u00e1mky pro hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata<\/a>, a obaly v\u00fdrobk\u016f. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee st\u00e1le v\u00edce firem vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 technologii RFID k identifikaci a sledov\u00e1n\u00ed, stalo se klonov\u00e1n\u00ed RFID b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem a \u010dasto se objevuje jedna ot\u00e1zka: lze RFID \u0161t\u00edtek zkop\u00edrovat? Odpov\u011b\u010f z\u00e1vis\u00ed na typu \u0161t\u00edtku, datech v n\u011bm ulo\u017een\u00fdch a na tom, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem RFID syst\u00e9m tento \u0161t\u00edtek p\u0159i skenov\u00e1n\u00ed ov\u011b\u0159uje.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co je to klonov\u00e1n\u00ed RFID?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Klonov\u00e1n\u00ed RFID znamen\u00e1 duplikov\u00e1n\u00ed identifikace, kterou syst\u00e9m RFID pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k rozpozn\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161t\u00edtku, karty nebo kl\u00ed\u010denky. P\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m skenov\u00e1n\u00ed vys\u00edl\u00e1 \u010dte\u010dka RFID r\u00e1diov\u00fd sign\u00e1l. Ant\u00e9na \u0161t\u00edtku p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 energii z tohoto sign\u00e1lu, \u010dip se aktivuje a \u0161t\u00edtek ode\u0161le data zp\u011bt do \u010dte\u010dky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vr\u00e1cen\u00e1 data mohou p\u0159edstavovat \u010d\u00edslo karty, UID, EPC, z\u00e1znam NDEF, u\u017eivatelskou pam\u011b\u0165 nebo hodnotu p\u0159ihla\u0161ovac\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f. Klonov\u00e1n\u00ed RFID funguje tak, \u017ee se vezmou data, kter\u00fdm syst\u00e9m d\u016fv\u011b\u0159uje, a vytvo\u0159\u00ed se dal\u0161\u00ed \u0161t\u00edtek, karta, kl\u00ed\u010denka nebo emul\u00e1tor, kter\u00fd p\u0159i skenov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edlo\u017e\u00ed stejn\u00e1 data. Pokud \u010dte\u010dka a software kontroluj\u00ed pouze tuto zkop\u00edrovanou hodnotu, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zkop\u00edrovan\u00fd \u0161t\u00edtek pova\u017eov\u00e1n za origin\u00e1l. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Klon nemus\u00ed v\u017edy kop\u00edrovat v\u0161echny \u010d\u00e1sti \u010dipu. V mnoha m\u00e9n\u011b sofistikovan\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech sta\u010d\u00ed zkop\u00edrovat viditeln\u00fd identifik\u00e1tor, proto\u017ee software tento identifik\u00e1tor pouze p\u0159i\u0159azuje k ur\u010dit\u00e9mu z\u00e1znamu. V robustn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch syst\u00e9mech m\u016f\u017ee \u010dte\u010dka nebo backend tak\u00e9 kontrolovat data na \u00farovni \u010dipu, chr\u00e1n\u011bnou pam\u011b\u0165, hesla nebo autentiza\u010dn\u00ed odpov\u011bdi. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nemus\u00ed kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed pouze \u010diteln\u00fdch dat sta\u010dit k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00edho klonu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Klonov\u00e1n\u00ed RFID se v\u0161ak li\u0161\u00ed od b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed RFID. P\u0159i k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed se do nov\u00fdch \u0161t\u00edtk\u016f zapisuj\u00ed schv\u00e1len\u00e1 data pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed projekt, jako je sledov\u00e1n\u00ed od\u011bv\u016f, spr\u00e1va pr\u00e1dla, sledov\u00e1n\u00ed majetku, identifikace hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at nebo skladov\u00e9 z\u00e1soby. Klonov\u00e1n\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v op\u011btovn\u00e9m pou\u017eit\u00ed identity st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho \u0161t\u00edtku, tak\u017ee dva \u0161t\u00edtky mohou odkazovat na stejn\u00fd z\u00e1znam v syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lze zkop\u00edrovat RFID \u0161t\u00edtek?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Tagy<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ano, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed RFID \u0161t\u00edtky<\/a> lze kop\u00edrovat, zejm\u00e9na star\u0161\u00ed tagy nebo tagy s n\u00edzkou \u00farovn\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vrac\u00ed pevn\u011b dan\u00e9 ID bez \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed, ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 pam\u011bti. \u010c\u00edm sn\u00e1ze lze tag p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst a zopakovat, t\u00edm sn\u00e1ze se d\u00e1 naklonovat. Bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 RFID tagy jsou jin\u00e9. Nespol\u00e9haj\u00ed se pouze na statick\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo, tak\u017ee kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed viditeln\u00fdch dat nesta\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9 karty a kl\u00ed\u010denky s frekvenc\u00ed 125 kHz<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"RFID<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9 karty a kl\u00ed\u010denky s frekvenc\u00ed 125 kHz<\/a> (jako jsou star\u00e9 dve\u0159n\u00ed karty, parkovac\u00ed \u010dipy, permanentky do posilovny a zam\u011bstnaneck\u00e9 pr\u016fkazy s n\u00edzkou \u00farovn\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00ed) pat\u0159\u00ed mezi RFID identifika\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky, kter\u00e9 se daj\u00ed nejsnadn\u011bji kop\u00edrovat. Mnoho star\u0161\u00edch bezkontaktn\u00edch karet vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u010dipy s pevn\u00fdm identifik\u00e1torem, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u010dipy typu EM4100, kter\u00e9 p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9m naskenov\u00e1n\u00ed vrac\u00ed stejnou hodnotu karty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tyto karty se v\u016f\u010di \u010dte\u010dce neov\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed. Pouze p\u0159edkl\u00e1daj\u00ed identifika\u010dn\u00ed \u00fadaj. Pokud p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fd syst\u00e9m d\u016fv\u011b\u0159uje pouze tomuto identifika\u010dn\u00edmu \u00fadaji, m\u016f\u017ee stejnou hodnotu p\u0159edlo\u017eit i jin\u00e1 kompatibiln\u00ed karta, p\u0159\u00edv\u011bsek nebo emul\u00e1tor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Star\u0161\u00ed nebo nespr\u00e1vn\u011b nakonfigurovan\u00e9 karty HF a NFC<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Karty HF a NFC s frekvenc\u00ed 13,56 MHz mohou b\u00fdt bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jednoduch\u00e9 karty s frekvenc\u00ed 125 kHz, av\u0161ak samotn\u00e1 frekvence je\u0161t\u011b nezaru\u010duje jejich bezpe\u010dnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 star\u0161\u00ed karty HF vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 sektory a p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010de. Pokud syst\u00e9m pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 slab\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010de, v\u00fdchoz\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010de nebo je karta \u0161patn\u011b nakonfigurov\u00e1na, nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 oblasti v praxi dostate\u010dn\u011b zabezpe\u010deny. Karty typu MIFARE Classic jsou \u010dast\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem v diskus\u00edch o klonov\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee mnoho slab\u00fdch implementac\u00ed se spol\u00e9halo na sektov\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010de, kter\u00e9 nebyly \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b spravov\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e1 karta s vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00edm \u010dipem by m\u011bla vyu\u017e\u00edvat siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010de a zabezpe\u010denou komunikaci mezi \u010dte\u010dkou a kartou. Pr\u016fkazy typu DESFire p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed variantu, proto\u017ee jsou navr\u017eeny pro ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, nikoli pouze pro \u010dten\u00ed pevn\u011b dan\u00e9ho identifika\u010dn\u00edho \u010d\u00edsla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed NFC \u0161t\u00edtky s ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm obsahem<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed NFC tagy<\/a> se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro URL adresy, str\u00e1nky produkt\u016f, nab\u00eddky, n\u00e1vody, odkazy na obaly a marketingov\u00fd obsah. Tyto \u0161t\u00edtky obvykle obsahuj\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 data ve form\u00e1tu NDEF, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 telefon p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud NFC \u0161t\u00edtek obsahuje pouze prostou URL adresu nebo textov\u00fd z\u00e1znam, lze tento obsah zkop\u00edrovat do jin\u00e9ho NFC \u0161t\u00edtku. Jedn\u00e1 se o kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu, nikoli o bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed NFC tagy jsou u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 pro interakci s produkty, nem\u011bly by se v\u0161ak pou\u017e\u00edvat jako jedin\u00e1 ochrana proti pad\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. Zkop\u00edrovan\u00e1 URL adresa m\u016f\u017ee u\u017eivateli p\u0159ipadat stejn\u00e1, pokud backend z\u00e1rove\u0148 neov\u011b\u0159\u00ed, zda je samotn\u00fd tag prav\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Standardn\u00ed UHF RFID \u0161t\u00edtky pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Norma Etikety UHF RFID<\/a> jsou ur\u010deny k rychl\u00e9 identifikaci p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f. \u0160iroce se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed od\u011bv\u016f, karton\u016f, skladov\u00fdch z\u00e1sob, dokument\u016f a majetku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V mnoha projektech p\u0159edstavuje hlavn\u00ed hodnotu k\u00f3d EPC. Pokud syst\u00e9m pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k\u00f3d EPC pouze jako identifik\u00e1tor polo\u017eky, m\u016f\u017ee dal\u0161\u00ed UHF \u0161t\u00edtek se stejn\u00fdm k\u00f3dem EPC zp\u016fsobit duplicitu identifikace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ne ka\u017ed\u00fd UHF \u010dip je v\u0161ak pln\u011b naklonov\u00e1n. UHF \u010dip m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 obsahovat pam\u011b\u0165 TID, hesla, uzam\u010denou pam\u011b\u0165 nebo u\u017eivatelskou pam\u011b\u0165, v z\u00e1vislosti na typu \u010dipu a nastaven\u00ed projektu. Pro jednoduchou inventarizaci m\u016f\u017ee sta\u010dit sledov\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed EPC. U cenn\u00fdch aktiv nebo p\u0159i ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed pravosti v\u00fdrobk\u016f v\u0161ak samotn\u00fd k\u00f3d EPC nep\u0159edstavuje dostate\u010dn\u00fd d\u016fkaz pravosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159episovateln\u00e9 nebo testovac\u00ed RFID \u0161t\u00edtky<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159episovateln\u00e9 RFID karty a testovac\u00ed \u0161t\u00edtky jsou ur\u010deny pro v\u00fdvoj, testov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dte\u010dek a nastaven\u00ed syst\u00e9mu. Jejich \u00fakolem je b\u00fdt flexibiln\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejsou vhodnou volbou pro zabezpe\u010den\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup, etikety proti pad\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed ani pro kontrolovanou identifikaci v\u00fdrobk\u016f. V\u00fdrobn\u00ed \u0161t\u00edtek by m\u011bl b\u00fdt vybr\u00e1n s ohledem na kone\u010dn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed a pot\u00e9 podle pot\u0159eby zak\u00f3dov\u00e1n, uzam\u010den nebo zabezpe\u010den.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 autentiza\u010dn\u00ed \u0161t\u00edtky RFID a NFC<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 autentiza\u010dn\u00ed \u0161t\u00edtky RFID a NFC je obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed naklonovat, proto\u017ee nevracej\u00ed pouze pevn\u011b danou hodnotu. Mohou vyu\u017e\u00edvat chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010de, \u0161ifrovanou komunikaci, vz\u00e1jemnou autentizaci nebo dynamick\u00e9 autentiza\u010dn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V syst\u00e9mu typu \u201echallenge-response\u201c ode\u0161le \u010dte\u010dka v\u00fdzvu. \u010cip vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 platnou odpov\u011b\u010f pomoc\u00ed tajn\u00e9ho kl\u00ed\u010de ulo\u017een\u00e9ho uvnit\u0159 \u010dipu. Tento tajn\u00fd kl\u00ed\u010d nen\u00ed p\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m skenov\u00e1n\u00ed odhalen. Kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed viditeln\u00e9 komunikace neposkytuje jin\u00e9mu \u0161t\u00edtku stejnou schopnost prok\u00e1zat svou identitu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 autentiza\u010dn\u00ed \u0161t\u00edtky s technologi\u00ed NFC, jako jsou \u010dipy s autentizac\u00ed zalo\u017eenou na algoritmu AES a dynamick\u00fdmi \u00fadaji p\u0159i p\u0159ilo\u017een\u00ed, se l\u00e9pe hod\u00ed pro obaly chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 proti pad\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed produkt\u016f vysok\u00e9 hodnoty, certifik\u00e1ty, zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 spot\u0159ebn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly a ochranu zna\u010dky. Jsou dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e z\u00e1kladn\u00ed sledovac\u00ed \u0161t\u00edtky, proto\u017ee \u0159e\u0161\u00ed jin\u00fd probl\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co syst\u00e9m RFID ov\u011b\u0159uje?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Zda bude zkop\u00edrovan\u00fd RFID tag fungovat, z\u00e1vis\u00ed na tom, \u010demu \u010dte\u010dka a software rozhodnou d\u016fv\u011b\u0159ovat. N\u011bkter\u00e9 syst\u00e9my kontroluj\u00ed pouze jednu viditelnou hodnotu. Jin\u00e9 porovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed n\u011bkolik \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed z\u00e1znamu tagu nebo po\u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed \u010dip, aby prok\u00e1zal svou pravost, ne\u017e p\u0159ijmou v\u00fdsledek skenov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Statick\u00e9 ID<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nejslab\u0161\u00ed syst\u00e9my ov\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed pouze statick\u00fd identifik\u00e1tor, jako je \u010d\u00edslo karty, s\u00e9riov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo, EPC (Electronic Product Code), UID (Unique Identifier) nebo z\u00e1kladn\u00ed hodnota p\u0159ihla\u0161ovac\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f. \u010cte\u010dka naskenuje \u0161t\u00edtek a ode\u0161le tuto hodnotu do softwaru. Pokud se hodnota nach\u00e1z\u00ed v datab\u00e1zi, je \u0161t\u00edtek p\u0159ijat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Star\u00e9 karty s pevn\u00fdm identifika\u010dn\u00edm \u010d\u00edslem a jednoduch\u00e9 sledovac\u00ed \u0161t\u00edtky proto p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed riziko klonov\u00e1n\u00ed. Jakmile se stejn\u00e1 hodnota objev\u00ed na jin\u00e9m \u0161t\u00edtku, syst\u00e9m ji\u017e nem\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 co porovn\u00e1vat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EPC a TID (identifik\u00e1tor \u0161t\u00edtku) <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

U projekt\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch technologii UHF RFID se jako identifika\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo polo\u017eky \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 EPC. Lze jej pou\u017e\u00edt k identifikaci od\u011bvu, kartonu, n\u00e1stroje, dokumentu nebo majetku. Pam\u011b\u0165 EPC je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1, proto\u017ee ji lze pro dan\u00fd projekt zak\u00f3dovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TID p\u0159edstavuje d\u016fkladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kontrolu. Nejedn\u00e1 se o b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo projektu zapsan\u00e9 b\u011bhem k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale o identifika\u010dn\u00ed \u00fadaj nastaven\u00fd na \u00farovni \u010dipu. Pokud software ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 jak EPC, tak TID, m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159i skenov\u00e1n\u00ed porovnat identitu polo\u017eky s identitou \u010dipu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud m\u00e1 jin\u00fd \u0161t\u00edtek stejn\u00fd k\u00f3d EPC, ale odli\u0161n\u00fd k\u00f3d TID, m\u016f\u017ee jej syst\u00e9m ozna\u010dit jako nesoulad. To sice neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee by se standardn\u00ed UHF \u0161t\u00edtek stal stejn\u00fdm jako kryptografick\u00fd bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed \u0161t\u00edtek, sni\u017euje v\u0161ak riziko prost\u00e9ho zdvojen\u00ed k\u00f3du EPC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zabezpe\u010den\u00ed pam\u011bti a hesla<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 projekty vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed technologii RFID ov\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed, zda je pam\u011b\u0165 \u0161t\u00edtku st\u00e1le v o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9m stavu. Po k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed lze pam\u011b\u0165 EPC nebo u\u017eivatelskou pam\u011b\u0165 uzamknout, a to v z\u00e1vislosti na typu \u010dipu a nastaven\u00ed projektu. N\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010dipy tak\u00e9 podporuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e1 hesla, hesla pro trval\u00e9 vymaz\u00e1n\u00ed dat nebo oblasti pam\u011bti chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 heslem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tato nastaven\u00ed pom\u00e1haj\u00ed chr\u00e1nit produk\u010dn\u00ed data pot\u00e9, co \u0161t\u00edtek opust\u00ed tov\u00e1rnu. \u0160t\u00edtek s pam\u011bt\u00ed, do kter\u00e9 lze libovoln\u011b zapisovat, lze sn\u00e1ze pozm\u011bnit. \u0160t\u00edtek, kter\u00fd byl spr\u00e1vn\u011b zak\u00f3dov\u00e1n, uzam\u010den a spravov\u00e1n, poskytuje syst\u00e9mu v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kontrolu nad z\u00e1znamem na \u0161t\u00edtku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Odpov\u011b\u010f na ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my RFID a NFC mohou vy\u017eadovat, aby \u0161t\u00edtek vr\u00e1til v\u00edce ne\u017e jen ulo\u017een\u00e1 data. \u010cte\u010dka m\u016f\u017ee odeslat ov\u011b\u0159ovac\u00ed dotaz a \u010dip mus\u00ed vypo\u010d\u00edtat platnou odpov\u011b\u010f pomoc\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9ho kl\u00ed\u010de ulo\u017een\u00e9ho uvnit\u0159 \u010dipu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm bodem je, \u017ee chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd kl\u00ed\u010d nen\u00ed b\u011bhem b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho skenov\u00e1n\u00ed odhalen. Zkop\u00edrovan\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo karty, EPC, URL nebo UID samo o sob\u011b nedok\u00e1\u017ee vytvo\u0159it spr\u00e1vnou odpov\u011b\u010f. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto je klonov\u00e1n\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch karet a autentiza\u010dn\u00edch NFC \u0161t\u00edtk\u016f mnohem obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e klonov\u00e1n\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u0161t\u00edtk\u016f s pevn\u00fdm identifik\u00e1torem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chov\u00e1n\u00ed backendu<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Backendov\u00fd syst\u00e9m m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 kontrolovat, jak je \u0161t\u00edtek pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n. M\u016f\u017ee upozornit na to, \u017ee se stejn\u00e1 identifikace \u0161t\u00edtku objevuje na dvou m\u00edstech, kter\u00e1 jsou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 bl\u00edzko u sebe, \u017ee se \u0161t\u00edtek pohybuje po nemo\u017en\u00e9 trase, \u017ee se ji\u017e vy\u0159azen\u00fd \u0161t\u00edtek znovu objevuje, nebo \u017ee je autentiza\u010dn\u00ed \u0161t\u00edtek produktu naskenov\u00e1n p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnohokr\u00e1t z m\u00edst, kter\u00e1 spolu nesouvis\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tato vrstva je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy se samotn\u00fd \u0161t\u00edtek pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ve velk\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad v od\u011bvn\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu, logistice, p\u0159i sledov\u00e1n\u00ed majetku nebo p\u0159i ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed pravosti v\u00fdrobk\u016f. \u010cip pom\u00e1h\u00e1 identifikovat dan\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt. Software rozhoduje, zda m\u00e1 skenov\u00e1n\u00ed smysl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak sn\u00ed\u017eit riziko klonov\u00e1n\u00ed RFID<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"klonov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nejlep\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, jak sn\u00ed\u017eit riziko klonov\u00e1n\u00ed RFID, je vyhnout se tomu, aby byl cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m postaven na jedin\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle \u010diteln\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00edtku. Bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed RFID projekt vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 spr\u00e1vn\u00fd \u010dip, chr\u00e1n\u00ed zak\u00f3dovan\u00e1 data a poskytuje \u010dte\u010dce nebo softwaru v\u00edce ne\u017e jeden ov\u011b\u0159ovac\u00ed prvek, ne\u017e \u0161t\u00edtku d\u016fv\u011b\u0159uje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159i citliv\u00e9m pou\u017eit\u00ed se vyh\u00fdbejte \u0161t\u00edtk\u016fm s pevn\u00fdm identifika\u010dn\u00edm \u010d\u00edslem<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0160t\u00edtky s pevn\u00fdm identifik\u00e1torem jsou vhodn\u00e9 pro jednoduchou identifikaci, ale p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy m\u00e1 \u0161t\u00edtek slou\u017eit jako doklad o opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed k p\u0159\u00edstupu, vlastnictv\u00ed nebo pravosti. Karta nebo p\u0159\u00edv\u011bsek, kter\u00e9 poka\u017ed\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed stejn\u00e9 \u010diteln\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo, syst\u00e9mu nab\u00edzej\u00ed jen velmi m\u00e1lo informac\u00ed k ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b citliv\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed, jako je p\u0159\u00edstup zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, placen\u00e9 \u010dlenstv\u00ed, cenn\u00e1 aktiva nebo etikety proti pad\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, by se \u0161t\u00edtek nem\u011bl spol\u00e9hat pouze na statick\u00e9 identifika\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo. Lep\u0161\u00ed volbou je \u010dip, kter\u00fd podporuje chr\u00e1n\u011bnou pam\u011b\u0165, autentizaci nebo jinou formu ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed identity nad r\u00e1mec viditeln\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vyberte si \u010dip podle \u00farovn\u011b rizika<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ne ka\u017ed\u00fd projekt vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed technologii RFID vy\u017eaduje stejnou \u00farove\u0148 ochrany. \u0160t\u00edtek ve skladu pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd pro z\u00e1kladn\u00ed inventarizaci m\u00e1 jin\u00e9 po\u017eadavky ne\u017e \u0161t\u00edtek pro ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed pravosti v\u00fdrobku nebo p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fd pr\u016fkaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed s n\u00edzk\u00fdm rizikem m\u016f\u017ee sta\u010dit standardn\u00ed RFID \u0161t\u00edtek, pokud je c\u00edlem rychl\u00e9 skenov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159esn\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy o polo\u017ek\u00e1ch. U kontrolovan\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu, zna\u010dkov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f, certifik\u00e1t\u016f, opakovan\u011b pou\u017eiteln\u00fdch obal\u016f nebo drah\u00e9ho majetku by \u010dip m\u011bl nab\u00edzet pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed funkce, jako je uzam\u010den\u00e1 pam\u011b\u0165, p\u0159\u00edstup chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd heslem, jedine\u010dn\u00e1 identifikace \u010dipu, \u0161ifrovan\u00e1 komunikace nebo podpora ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdb\u011br \u010dipu by m\u011bl b\u00fdt proveden je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm v\u00fdroby. Je mnohem obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed napravit nedostatky v n\u00e1vrhu \u0161t\u00edtku pot\u00e9, co ji\u017e byly zak\u00f3dov\u00e1ny a odesl\u00e1ny tis\u00edce \u0161t\u00edtk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zamknout pam\u011b\u0165 po k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pokud se data po uveden\u00ed do v\u00fdroby nemaj\u00ed m\u011bnit, m\u011blo by b\u00fdt uzam\u010den\u00ed pam\u011bti sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pl\u00e1nu k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed. To je b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 v projektech, kde je ka\u017ed\u00fd \u0161t\u00edtek v\u00e1z\u00e1n na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed z\u00e1znam o produktu, od\u011bvu, majetku, z\u00e1silce nebo dokumentu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V r\u00e1mci projektu UHF RFID m\u016f\u017ee pam\u011b\u0165 EPC obsahovat \u010d\u00edslo polo\u017eky nebo identifik\u00e1tor majetku. Jakmile jsou data zak\u00f3dov\u00e1na a zkontrolov\u00e1na, uzam\u010den\u00ed pam\u011bti m\u016f\u017ee omezit n\u00e1hodn\u00e9 p\u0159episov\u00e1n\u00ed a zajistit stabilitu z\u00e1znamu v \u0161t\u00edtku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zabezpe\u010den\u00ed pam\u011bti nezm\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161t\u00edtek na pln\u011b zabezpe\u010den\u00fd \u0161t\u00edtek. Chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zak\u00f3dovan\u00e1 data p\u0159ed zm\u011bnami po vyroben\u00ed. Pro mnoho projekt\u016f sledov\u00e1n\u00ed je i to samo o sob\u011b st\u00e1le u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby porovnejte EPC s TID<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

U n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch projekt\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch technologii UHF RFID m\u016f\u017ee syst\u00e9m ukl\u00e1dat jak EPC, tak TID. EPC je identifika\u010dn\u00ed k\u00f3d projektu p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00fd dan\u00e9 polo\u017ece. TID jsou identifika\u010dn\u00ed \u00fadaje na \u00farovni \u010dipu, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u00e1z\u00e1ny na RFID \u010dip.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00edky tomu m\u00e1 syst\u00e9m k dispozici spolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed \u00fadaj. Pokud m\u00e1 jin\u00fd \u0161t\u00edtek stejn\u00fd k\u00f3d EPC, ale odli\u0161n\u00fd k\u00f3d TID, m\u016f\u017ee jej software pova\u017eovat za nesoulad, m\u00edsto aby sken bez v\u00fdhrad p\u0159ijal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Slad\u011bn\u00ed EPC a TID je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 u majetku, opakovan\u011b pou\u017eiteln\u00fdch obal\u016f, \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch z\u00e1sob a produkt\u016f, u nich\u017e by duplicitn\u00ed identifikace zp\u016fsobila skute\u010dnou ztr\u00e1tu. Je t\u0159eba jej napl\u00e1novat p\u0159ed hromadn\u00fdm k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00edm, aby datab\u00e1ze mohla od sam\u00e9ho za\u010d\u00e1tku ukl\u00e1dat spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 informace o \u0161t\u00edtc\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pou\u017e\u00edvejte autentiza\u010dn\u00ed \u0161t\u00edtky k boji proti pad\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Projekty zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na boj proti pad\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed vy\u017eaduj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e jen \u010diteln\u00e9 s\u00e9riov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo nebo ve\u0159ejn\u011b dostupn\u00fd odkaz NFC. Zkop\u00edrovan\u00e1 URL adresa nebo viditeln\u00e9 ID \u0161t\u00edtku mohou na u\u017eivatele p\u016fsobit p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u011b, ale neprokazuj\u00ed, \u017ee je fyzick\u00fd \u0161t\u00edtek origin\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pravosti v\u00fdrobku pou\u017eijte \u010dipy RFID nebo NFC ur\u010den\u00e9 pro bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Tyto \u010dipy mohou vyu\u017e\u00edvat chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010de, \u0161ifrovan\u00e1 data nebo dynamick\u00e9 ov\u011b\u0159ovac\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy. M\u00edsto toho, aby tag vracel pouze pevn\u011b danou hodnotu, mus\u00ed generovat platnou odpov\u011b\u010f, kterou kop\u00edrovan\u00fd z\u00e1kladn\u00ed tag nedok\u00e1\u017ee napodobit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento typ \u0161t\u00edtku je vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro luxusn\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed, certifik\u00e1ty, zna\u010dkov\u00e9 spot\u0159ebn\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed, zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 obaly, zdravotnick\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky a dal\u0161\u00ed polo\u017eky, u nich\u017e pad\u011blky p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed nebo bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed riziko.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159idat pravidla na stran\u011b serveru pro podez\u0159el\u00e9 skenov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Software by nem\u011bl p\u0159ij\u00edmat ka\u017ed\u00fd sken jen proto, \u017ee \u010d\u00edslo \u0161t\u00edtku existuje. M\u011bl by tak\u00e9 zkontrolovat, zda dan\u00fd sken d\u00e1v\u00e1 smysl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed backend dok\u00e1\u017ee odhalit duplicitn\u00ed identifik\u00e1tory tag\u016f, nemo\u017en\u00e9 pohyby, opakovan\u00e9 skenov\u00e1n\u00ed z nesouvisej\u00edc\u00edch m\u00edst, vy\u0159azen\u00e9 tagy nebo produkty, kter\u00e9 se objevuj\u00ed ve \u0161patn\u00e9m prodejn\u00edm kan\u00e1lu. U p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 kontrolovat \u010das, m\u00edsto, \u00farove\u0148 opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed a vzorce ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9ho skenov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee samotn\u00fd \u0161t\u00edtek je standardn\u00edm sledovac\u00edm \u0161t\u00edtkem. \u0160t\u00edtek identifikuje polo\u017eku, ale o tom, zda lze skenov\u00e1n\u00ed pova\u017eovat za d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00e9, rozhoduje software.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spr\u00e1va \u0161t\u00edtk\u016f v pr\u016fb\u011bhu cel\u00e9ho jejich \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Riziko klonov\u00e1n\u00ed RFID se m\u016f\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161it, pokud z\u00e1znamy o star\u00fdch \u0161t\u00edtc\u00edch z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed aktivn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouho. Ztracen\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e1 karta, vym\u011bn\u011bn\u00fd \u0161t\u00edtek majetku, po\u0161kozen\u00fd \u0161t\u00edtek na pr\u00e1dlo nebo \u0161t\u00edtek vy\u0159azen\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobku by nem\u011bly z\u016fstat v platnosti bez n\u00e1le\u017eit\u00e9 kontroly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu jsou vyd\u00e1n\u00ed, k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed, aktivace, v\u00fdm\u011bna, pozastaven\u00ed a vy\u0159azen\u00ed. Pokud nov\u00fd \u0161t\u00edtek nahrad\u00ed star\u00fd, m\u011bla by b\u00fdt star\u00e1 identita v syst\u00e9mu deaktivov\u00e1na nebo jasn\u011b ozna\u010dena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dobr\u00e9 zabezpe\u010den\u00ed RFID nekon\u010d\u00ed v okam\u017eiku, kdy \u0161t\u00edtek opust\u00ed tov\u00e1rnu. Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, jak je identita \u0161t\u00edtku spravov\u00e1na b\u011bhem skute\u010dn\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b klonov\u00e1n\u00ed RFID a kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed RFID \u0161t\u00edtk\u016f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n
\n
\n
\n

Je klonov\u00e1n\u00ed RFID neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed?<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n\n

Klonov\u00e1n\u00ed RFID m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nez\u00e1konn\u00e9, pokud se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ke kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch karet, zam\u011bstnaneck\u00fdch pr\u016fkaz\u016f, platebn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f, hotelov\u00fdch kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f, \u010dlensk\u00fdch karet nebo jak\u00fdchkoli \u0161t\u00edtk\u016f, kter\u00e9 nevlastn\u00edte nebo k jejich\u017e kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed nem\u00e1te opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed. Leg\u00e1ln\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed RFID je n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho. Podniky mohou v r\u00e1mci sv\u00e9ho vlastn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu k\u00f3dovat nov\u00e9 \u0161t\u00edtky, nahrazovat po\u0161kozen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00edtky nebo vyd\u00e1vat duplik\u00e1ty \u0161t\u00edtk\u016f, pokud maj\u00ed kontrolu nad daty a opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00edmi.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Mohu si pro sv\u016fj projekt zkop\u00edrovat vlastn\u00ed RFID \u0161t\u00edtek?<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n\n

Pokud jste vlastn\u00edkem syst\u00e9mu a m\u00e1te pr\u00e1vo spravovat z\u00e1znamy o \u0161t\u00edtc\u00edch, m\u016f\u017eete pro sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed projekt duplikovat nebo nahradit RFID \u0161t\u00edtky. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je obvykle lep\u0161\u00ed zach\u00e1zet s nov\u00fdm \u0161t\u00edtkem jako s \u0159\u00e1dnou n\u00e1hradou, nikoli jako se skryt\u00fdm klonem. Star\u00fd \u0161t\u00edtek by m\u011bl b\u00fdt vy\u0159azen z provozu nebo ozna\u010den v softwaru a nov\u00fd \u0161t\u00edtek by m\u011bl b\u00fdt zak\u00f3dov\u00e1n a otestov\u00e1n v r\u00e1mci va\u0161eho b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho postupu.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Jak pozn\u00e1m, zda se moje RFID \u0161t\u00edtky daj\u00ed snadno naklonovat?<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n\n

\u0160t\u00edtek je obvykle v\u00edce vystaven riziku, pokud poka\u017ed\u00e9 vrac\u00ed stejn\u00e9 \u010diteln\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo a syst\u00e9m p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 pouze toto \u010d\u00edslo. Mezi b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady pat\u0159\u00ed star\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9 karty s frekvenc\u00ed 125 kHz, jednoduch\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010denky, ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 NFC tagy a z\u00e1kladn\u00ed sledovac\u00ed \u0161t\u00edtky. Pokud nezn\u00e1te typ \u010dipu, frekvenci, nastaven\u00ed pam\u011bti ani to, zda syst\u00e9m kontroluje n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e viditeln\u00e9 ID, m\u011bli byste sv\u00e9 st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed tagy zkontrolovat, ne\u017e je pou\u017eijete pro zabezpe\u010den\u00ed nebo ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed produkt\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n

M\u016f\u017ee telefon zkop\u00edrovat RFID \u0161t\u00edtek?<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n\n

Telefon dok\u00e1\u017ee \u010d\u00edst n\u011bkter\u00e9 NFC tagy, proto\u017ee NFC je typem vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00edho (HF) RFID pracuj\u00edc\u00edho na frekvenci 13,56 MHz. Telefon nap\u0159\u00edklad dok\u00e1\u017ee na\u010d\u00edst ve\u0159ejn\u00fd NFC tag, kter\u00fd obsahuje URL adresu nebo textov\u00fd z\u00e1znam. Bez dodate\u010dn\u00e9ho hardwaru v\u0161ak telefon nedok\u00e1\u017ee na\u010d\u00edst v\u011bt\u0161inu karet vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch technologii LF (n\u00edzkofrekven\u010dn\u00ed) s frekvenc\u00ed 125 kHz ani RFID \u0161t\u00edtk\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch technologii UHF (ultravysokofrekven\u010dn\u00ed). Rovn\u011b\u017e nedok\u00e1\u017ee jednodu\u0161e zkop\u00edrovat zabezpe\u010den\u00fd NFC autentiza\u010dn\u00ed tag, pokud tento tag pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010de nebo dynamickou autentizaci.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Um\u00ed iPhony \u010d\u00edst RFID?<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n\n

iPhone nen\u00ed univerz\u00e1ln\u00edm n\u00e1strojem pro klonov\u00e1n\u00ed RFID. Um\u00ed \u010d\u00edst n\u011bkter\u00e9 NFC (Near Field Communication) tagy, zejm\u00e9na ty, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed data ve form\u00e1tu NDEF (NFC Data Exchange Format), jako jsou URL adresy, textov\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy nebo odkazy na str\u00e1nky produkt\u016f. S\u00e1m o sob\u011b v\u0161ak nedok\u00e1\u017ee \u010d\u00edst v\u011bt\u0161inu kl\u00ed\u010denek s frekvenc\u00ed 125 kHz ani UHF RFID \u0161t\u00edtk\u016f, proto\u017ee ty vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00e9 RFID frekvence a vy\u017eaduj\u00ed jin\u00fd \u010dtec\u00ed hardware. Framework Core NFC od spole\u010dnosti Apple je postaven na \u010dten\u00ed NFC tag\u016f, zat\u00edmco Apple Wallet podporuje digit\u00e1ln\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010de pouze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee z\u00e1mek, p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fd syst\u00e9m nebo poskytovatel slu\u017eeb tuto konfiguraci podporuje.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Jak snadn\u00e9 je zkop\u00edrovat kl\u00ed\u010denku?<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n\n

Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na typu kl\u00ed\u010denky. Star\u0161\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010denky s pevn\u00fdm identifik\u00e1torem o frekvenci 125 kHz se obvykle kop\u00edruj\u00ed sn\u00e1ze, proto\u017ee p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9m naskenov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasto vrac\u00ed stejn\u00fd statick\u00fd identifik\u00e1tor. Bezpe\u010dn\u00e1 kl\u00ed\u010denka se kop\u00edruje h\u016f\u0159e, proto\u017ee m\u00edsto jednoduch\u00e9ho \u010diteln\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla m\u016f\u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edvat \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed, chr\u00e1n\u011bnou pam\u011b\u0165 nebo autentizaci. Pro firmy nen\u00ed tvar kl\u00ed\u010denky rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm faktorem. Skute\u010dn\u00fdmi faktory jsou frekvence, typ \u010dipu, konstrukce identifika\u010dn\u00edho k\u00f3du a to, co p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fd syst\u00e9m ov\u011b\u0159uje p\u0159ed otev\u0159en\u00edm dve\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Jak zkop\u00edrovat RFID kl\u00ed\u010denku do iPhonu?<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n\n

Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f nelze b\u011b\u017en\u00fd RFID kl\u00ed\u010denku p\u0159\u00edmo zkop\u00edrovat do iPhonu. Kl\u00ed\u010denku od bytu, pr\u016fkazku do kancel\u00e1\u0159e, parkovac\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010denku nebo p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fd kl\u00ed\u010d s frekvenc\u00ed 125 kHz obvykle nelze naskenovat a ulo\u017eit do iPhonu jako funk\u010dn\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010d. Spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm je pou\u017e\u00edt p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd podporuje p\u0159ihla\u0161ovac\u00ed \u00fadaje z iPhonu, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad podporovan\u00fd digit\u00e1ln\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010d v Apple Wallet nebo mobiln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e1 aplikace poskytovan\u00e1 budovou, hotelem, kampusem \u010di z\u00e1mkov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem. Apple Wallet m\u016f\u017ee ukl\u00e1dat podporovan\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010de od domu, hotelov\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010de, kl\u00ed\u010de od auta, firemn\u00ed pr\u016fkazy a studentsk\u00e9 pr\u016fkazy, ale mus\u00ed b\u00fdt vyd\u00e1ny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kompatibiln\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Jsou UHF RFID \u0161t\u00edtky vhodn\u00e9 pro boj proti pad\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n\n

UHF RFID \u0161t\u00edtky se skv\u011ble hod\u00ed pro rychl\u00e9 sledov\u00e1n\u00ed polo\u017eek, skenov\u00e1n\u00ed ve skladech, inventarizaci od\u011bv\u016f, karton\u016f a spr\u00e1vu majetku. Nejedn\u00e1 se v\u0161ak automaticky o \u0161t\u00edtky chr\u00e1n\u00edc\u00ed proti pad\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. Pokud syst\u00e9m kontroluje pouze k\u00f3d EPC (Electronic Product Code), m\u016f\u017ee duplicitn\u00ed k\u00f3d EPC zp\u016fsobit zmatek. U produkt\u016f s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hodnotou by syst\u00e9m m\u011bl zav\u00e9st p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kontroly, jako je porovn\u00e1n\u00ed TID (Tag Identifier), uzam\u010den\u00e1 pam\u011b\u0165, \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo samostatn\u00e1 autentiza\u010dn\u00ed vrstva.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Co m\u00e1m d\u011blat, kdy\u017e ztrat\u00edm RFID kartu nebo \u0161t\u00edtek?<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n\n

Ztracenou RFID kartu nebo \u0161t\u00edtek je t\u0159eba v syst\u00e9mu co nejd\u0159\u00edve deaktivovat. Nesta\u010d\u00ed pouze vydat nov\u00fd \u0161t\u00edtek a nechat star\u00fd z\u00e1znam aktivn\u00ed. U p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch karet, \u010dlensk\u00fdch karet, \u0161t\u00edtk\u016f majetku a \u0161t\u00edtk\u016f opakovan\u011b pou\u017eiteln\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f by software m\u011bl zobrazovat, kter\u00fd \u0161t\u00edtek je aktivn\u00ed, kter\u00fd byl nahrazen a kter\u00fd byl vy\u0159azen z provozu. T\u00edm se sni\u017euje pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee by mohl b\u00fdt i nad\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n star\u00fd, zkop\u00edrovan\u00fd nebo nalezen\u00fd \u0161t\u00edtek.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Lze klonov\u00e1n\u00ed RFID odhalit?<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n\n

N\u011bkdy. Jednoduch\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd kontroluje pouze jedno identifika\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo, nemus\u00ed zkop\u00edrovan\u00fd \u0161t\u00edtek rozpoznat. Pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed syst\u00e9m dok\u00e1\u017ee odhalit probl\u00e9my, jako je v\u00fdskyt stejn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00edtku na dvou m\u00edstech, pohyb \u0161t\u00edtku po nemo\u017en\u00e9 trase, opakovan\u00e9 skenov\u00e1n\u00ed po vy\u0159azen\u00ed z provozu nebo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u010dast\u00e9 kontroly autentiza\u010dn\u00edho \u0161t\u00edtku produktu z nesouvisej\u00edc\u00edch m\u00edst. Detekce z\u00e1vis\u00ed na softwarov\u00fdch pravidlech, nikoli pouze na \u0161t\u00edtku.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Jak m\u016f\u017ee pomoci dodavatel RFID \u0161t\u00edtk\u016f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdb\u011br spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho RFID \u0161t\u00edtku je prvn\u00edm krokem ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rizika klonov\u00e1n\u00ed. Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch custom-rfid-tags.com vyr\u00e1b\u00edme RFID \u0161t\u00edtky na m\u00edru podle v\u00e1mi zvolen\u00e9ho \u010dipu, frekvence, materi\u00e1lu, k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010dtec\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti a po\u017eadavk\u016f va\u0161eho projektu. Pokud v\u00e1\u0161 projekt vy\u017eaduje RFID \u0161t\u00edtky s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farovn\u00ed ochrany dat, uzam\u010denou pam\u011bt\u00ed, kontrolou jedine\u010dnosti \u010dipu nebo funkcemi ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, za\u0161lete n\u00e1m podrobnosti o va\u0161\u00ed aplikaci a po\u017e\u00e1dejte o cenovou nab\u00eddku. Pom\u016f\u017eeme v\u00e1m vybrat spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 RFID \u0161t\u00edtky na m\u00edru je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm v\u00fdroby.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

RFID tags are used in many everyday systems, from access cards and key fobs to warehouse labels, laundry tags, apparel […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":16296,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"right-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"normal-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15045","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/custom-rfid-tags.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15045","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/custom-rfid-tags.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/custom-rfid-tags.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/custom-rfid-tags.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/custom-rfid-tags.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15045"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/custom-rfid-tags.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15045\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16299,"href":"https:\/\/custom-rfid-tags.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15045\/revisions\/16299"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/custom-rfid-tags.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16296"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/custom-rfid-tags.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15045"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/custom-rfid-tags.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15045"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/custom-rfid-tags.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15045"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}